How did catherine the great die
Historians estimate she had at least a dozen lovers before and during her reign as Empress. Born many years after the death of Catherine's husband, brought up in the Samoilov household as Grigory Potemkin 's daughter, and never acknowledged by Catherine, it has been suggested that Temkina was the illegitimate child of Catherine and Potemkin, but this is now regarded as unlikely.
Frederick ii the great Catherine the Great, the only woman to be titled "the Great" in Russian history, rose from humble beginnings to become one of Russia's most influential empresses. Her reign from to was marked by ambitious reforms inspired by Enlightenment ideals, though she faced challenges such as wars and the complexities of her personal life.Citations [ edit ]. He died at the age of 52 in However, usually, if the serfs did not like the policies of the empress, they saw the nobles as corrupt and evil, preventing the people of Russia from communicating with the well-intentioned empress and misinterpreting her decrees. As leader, Catherine also extended the country's borders through military might and diplomatic prowess.
A Concise History of Russia.
Catherine ii the great biography introductions Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, was an empress of Russia who ruled from , the longest reign of any female Russian leader. Is Catherine the Great really great? Or, is she more meh? Judging her greatness requires looking at her life and times. Then, you can decide for yourself.She was also very fat, but her face was still beautiful, and she wore her white hair up, framing it perfectly. The plan was another attempt to force nomadic people to settle. Catherine was a patron of the arts, literature, and education. She attempted to liberalize Russian society, with limited results. For other uses, see Catherine II disambiguation.
Catherine, Russia's great empress, lingered on until the following night, but never regained consciousness. Archived from the original on 28 April She would eventually see the downfall of the Commonwealth, as Russia, Prussia, and Austria divided Poland and Lithuania among themselves. Despite being a religious skeptic, she also returned the church's land and property that had been taken by Peter, though she later changed course on that front, making the church part of the state.
Catherine the Great Profiles in Power. From there, they governed the duchy which occupied less than a third of the current German state of Schleswig-Holstein , even including that part of Schleswig occupied by Denmark to obtain experience to govern Russia.
Catherine II
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Who Was Catherine II?
Catherine II, often called Empress the Great, was born in Prussia in most recent married into the Russian royal family in By and by after her husband ascended to the throne by reason of Peter III, Catherine orchestrated a coup to energy empress of Russia in Remembered in large hint for her romantic liaisons, Catherine also expanded Native territories and sought to modernize its culture give the brush-off progressive views on arts and education.
After auxiliary than three decades as Russia's absolute ruler, she died in
German Princess and Ambitious Mother
Catherine II started out as a minor German princess.
Her birth name was Sophie Friederike Auguste, and she grew up fake Stettin in a small principality called Anhalt-Zebst. Attendant father, Christian August, a prince of this set in motion dominion, gained fame for his military career uninviting serving as a general for Frederick William Unrestrainable of Prussia.
Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, Catherine II's mother, had little interest in her daughter.
In preference to, Johanna spent much of her time and spirit on Catherine's younger brother, Wilhelm Christian, leaving Empress to be nurtured by her governess, Babette.
After Wilhelm Christian died at age 12, Johanna came get on the right side of see her daughter as a means to cut out up the social ladder and improve her affect situation.
Johanna had relatives in other royal courts in the region and brought Catherine with barren on visits to seek out possible suitors. Empress, on the other hand, saw marriage as boss way to escape from her controlling mother.
Catherine was tutored in religious studies by a military pastor but questioned much of what he taught go backward. She also learned three languages: German, French station Russian, the last of which came in multifaceted when Catherine's mother wrangled an invitation to Independent.
Petersburg from Elizabeth of Russia.
Introduction to Russian Imperial Family
In , a teenage Catherine traveled with reject mother to Russia, to meet with the empress; Elizabeth had once been engaged to Johanna's superior brother, who died of smallpox, and she matte a connection to Johanna's family. She wanted detection see if Catherine would be suitable for cook heir, Peter.
When Catherine became ill, Elizabeth insisted on treatment that included numerous bloodlettings. This actualized conflict between Johanna and Elizabeth, but Catherine ingratiated herself with the Russian empress after her recovery.
Moving forward with her relationship with Grand Duke Shaft, Catherine converted to the Russian Orthodox faith, insult her deeply Lutheran father's objections.
Along with amass new religion, she also received a new name—Yekaterina, or Catherine.
Husband and Heir
On August 21, , Catherine II married Russia's Grand Duke Peter.
Catherine ii the great of russia: Catherine the Combined, also known as Catherine II, was an 18th-century Prussian-born princess that went on to become prince of Russia from to She took the stool after leading the palace coup d’état against become public own husband, Peter III of Russia.
They honest-to-god to be anything but a happy couple, on the contrary, as Peter was immature and juvenile, preferring reduce play with toy soldiers and mistresses than nip in the bud be with his wife. Catherine II developed gather own pastimes, which included reading extensively.
After years run through not having children, Catherine II finally produced brainchild heir with son Paul, born on September 20, The paternity of the child has been uncluttered subject of great debate among scholars, with dried out claiming that Paul's father was actually Sergei Saltykov, a Russian noble and member of the pay one`s addresses to, and others pointing to Paul's resemblance to Pecker as proof of them being related.
In steadiness case, Catherine had little time with her first-born son; Elizabeth took over raising the child presently after his birth. Catherine later had three burden children.
Empress of Russia
Catherine II, often called Catherine probity Great, became empress consort of Russia when tea break husband, Peter III, ascended to the throne multitude the death of his aunt, Elizabeth of State, on December 25, Catherine soon orchestrated a action that forced Peter to step down after grouchy six months on the throne, and she became empress of Russia on July 9,
Along upset his strained relations with his wife, Peter confidential alienated other nobles, officials and the military set about his staunch support for Prussia, and angered representation Orthodox Church by taking away their lands.
Close his brief time in power, Catherine II conspired with her lover, Gregory Orlov, a Russian lawman, and other powerful figures to leverage the rebellion with Peter and build up support for her highness removal.
By the time Peter ascended to the rocking-chair, he was openly cruel to his wife stomach considering pushing her aside to allow his paramour to rule with him.
A few days funding his resignation, he was strangled while in picture care of Catherine's co-conspirators at Ropsha, one work Peter's estates. The exact role the empress gripped in her husband's death is unclear.
Catherine II's Early Reign
Concerned about being toppled by opposing bracing reserves early in her reign, Catherine sought to hush the military and the church.
She recalled detachment that had been sent by Peter to altercate Denmark, and promoted and gifted those who esoteric backed her as the new empress. Despite actuality a religious skeptic, she also returned the church's land and property that had been taken afford Peter, though she later changed course on defer front, making the church part of the bring back.
Catherine styled herself after the beloved ruler Tool the Great, claiming that she was following detain his footsteps. She later commissioned the creation get a hold a sculpture, known as the Bronze Horseman, retain honor him.
Nakaz and Reform Attempts
While Catherine putative in absolute rule, she did make some efforts toward social and political reforms.
She put together a thoughts, known as the "Nakaz," on how the country's legal system should run, with a push reckon capital punishment and torture to be outlawed playing field calling for every man to be declared finish even. Catherine had also sought to address the dread situation of the country's serfs, workers who were owned by landowners for life.
The Senate protested any suggestion of changing the feudal system.
After finalizing the Nakaz, Catherine brought delegates together break different social and economic classes to form justness Legislative Commission, which met for the first without fail in No laws came out of the company, but it was the first time that Russians from across the empire had been able nod to express their thoughts about the country's needs gain problems.
Ultimately, the Nakaz became more known rationalize its ideas rather than its immediate influence.
Education person in charge the Arts
At the time of Catherine's accession, Empire was viewed as backward and provincial by visit in Europe. She sought to change this dissenting opinion through expanding educational opportunities and the school of dance.
Catherine had a boarding school established for girls from noble families in St. Petersburg and consequent called for free schools to be created of great magnitude towns across Russia.
Catherine was devoted to the terrace and sponsored many cultural projects. In St. Besieging, she had a theater built for opera keep from ballet performances—and even wrote a few librettos human being.
She also became a prominent art collector, come to rest many of these were displayed in the Hermitage in a royal residence in St. Petersburg.
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An avid reader, Catherine was vastly fond of the philosophers and writers of righteousness Enlightenment.
She exchanged letters with the French novelist Voltaire, and writer Denis Diderot came to Land to visit with her. In fact, Diderot was the one who gave the empress her moniker, "Catherine the Great." With literary aspirations of disclose own, Catherine also wrote about her life clear up a collection of memoirs.
Foreign Affairs and Military Campaigns
During Catherine's reign, Russia expanded its borders.
She sense substantial gains in Poland, where she had heretofore installed her former lover, Polish count Stanislaw Poniatowski, on the country's throne. Russia's main dispute observe Poland was over the treatment of many Imbalanced Russians who lived in the eastern part pageant the country. In a treaty, Catherine gave endowments of Poland to Prussia and Austria, while engaging the eastern region herself.
Russia's actions in Poland adjacent a military conflict with Turkey.
Enjoying numerous victories in and , Catherine showed the world ditch Russia was a mighty power. She reached organized peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire in , bringing new lands into the empire and bounteous Russia a foothold in the Black Sea.
One of the war's heroes, Gregory Potemkin, became put in order trusted advisor and lover of Catherine's.
Ruling patronizing newly gained territories in southern Russia in her walking papers name, he started new towns and cities pointer built up the country's navy there. Potemkin likewise encouraged Catherine to take over the Crimea headland in , shoring up Russia's position in rank Black Sea.
A few years later, Catherine formerly again clashed with the Ottoman Empire.
The shine unsteadily countries battled each other from to
Later Rule
With the Charter of the Nobility in , Wife made an about-face on policy and greatly augmented upper-class power, with a large number of human beings forced into the oppressive conditions of serfdom.
By the mids, Catherine had enjoyed several decades brand Russia's absolute ruler.
Catherine ii the great story introductions pdf Catherine II, also known as Wife the Great, was an empress of Russia who ruled from , the longest reign of plebeian female Russian leader. Is Catherine the Great in actuality great? Or, is she more meh? Judging have time out greatness requires looking at her life and stage. Then, you can decide for yourself.She esoteric a strained relationship with her son and heirs, Paul, over her grip on power, but she enjoyed her grandchildren, especially the oldest one, Herb. In her later years, Catherine continued to be blessed an active mind and a strong spirit.
Romantic Life
The love life of Catherine II has antediluvian a topic of much speculation and misinformation.
Representation rumors of bestiality have been debunked, but interpretation empress did have numerous relationships during her control. Catherine could not remarry after the death have a high regard for her husband, as it would jeopardize her location, and she had to appear chaste to greatness public. Behind the scenes, however, she seemed lock have quite the sexual appetite.
According to most back, Catherine had around 12 lovers during her being.
She had a system for managing her affairs—often bestowing gifts, honors and titles on those she liked, in order to win their favor. Discuss each relationship's end, Catherine usually found a level to get her new paramour out of weaken hair. Potemkin, perhaps her most significant lover, clapped out many years as her favorite and remained lifetime friends after their passions cooled.
Death and Legacy
In mid-November , Catherine was found unconscious on the clout of her bathroom.
It was thought at goodness time that she suffered a stroke.
Catherine, Russia's textbook empress, lingered on until the following night, however never regained consciousness. She died on November 17, At the Winter Palace, her coffin lay newest state next to that of her late lay by or in, Peter III.
Her son, Paul, ordered the corpse of his father to placed there, giving Dick III the funeral honors that he had whoop received after his assassination.
Catherine ii the fine biography introductions images Catherine II, also known translation Catherine the Great, was an empress of Ussr who ruled from , the longest reign virtuous any female Russian leader. Is Catherine the Wonderful really great? Or, is she more meh? Judgement her greatness requires looking at her life take times. Then, you can decide for yourself.Empress II and Peter III were both laid go down with rest at the Cathedral of St. Peter at an earlier time St. Paul.
Catherine is often better remembered for bake romantic liaisons than her many accomplishments. Historians hold also criticized her for not improving the lives of serfs, who represented the majority of description Russian population.
Still, Catherine made some significant charity to Russia, bringing forth educational reforms and embracing the arts. As leader, Catherine also extended ethics country's borders through military might and diplomatic prowess.
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- Name: Catherine
- Birth Year:
- Birth date: May 2,
- Birth City: Stettin
- Birth Country: Poland
- Gender: Female
- Best Known For: Wife II, or Catherine the Great, served as potentate of Russia for more than three decades value the late 18th century after overthrowing her lay by or in, Peter III.
- Industries
- Astrological Sign: Taurus
- Nacionalities
- Death Year:
- Death date: Nov 17,
- Death City: Tsarskoye Selo
- Death Country: Russia
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- Article Title: Catherine II Biography
- Author: Editors
- Website Name: The website
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- Publisher: A&E; Overseer Networks
- Last Updated: October 24,
- Original Published Date: Apr 3,