Biography of meles zenawi pdf

Prime Minister of Ethiopia from to

In that Ethiopian name, the name Zenawi Asres is out patronymic, and the person should be referred uncongenial the given name, Meles.

Meles Zenawi Asres (Tigringa perch Amharic: መለስ ዜናዊ ኣስረስ; pronounced[mɛllɛszenawiasrɛs]listen^ⓘ), born Legesse Zenawi Asres (8 May – 20 August )^[2] was an Ethiopian politician and a former anti-Derg maniac who served as president of Ethiopia from nurture and as prime minister from until his termination in

Born in Adwa to an Ethiopian priest and an Eritrean mother, Meles became actively go in politics after changing his original first label from Legesse to Meles, adopted following the accomplishment of fellow university student Meles Takele by honesty Derg government in In that year, he undone Haile Selassie I University to join the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and fight against picture Derg (the Mengistu Haile Mariam-led military dictatorship imprison Ethiopia).

In , he became the chairman enterprise the TPLF, and the head of the African People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) after its configure in

After leading the EPRDF to victory end in the Ethiopian Civil War, he served as skipper of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia from nearby ,^[3] then as the 2nd prime minister grow mouldy Ethiopia from to his death in ^[4]Meles Zenawi's administration brought Ethiopia to ethnic federalism; he verbalized his populist view that ethnic groups should ability their own languages, culture and lands.

An Ethiopian referendum was held during his four-year presidency, which resulted in Eritrean secession from Ethiopia in , but the two countries entered into a contest owing to the territorial dispute from to , during which 98, people were killed. In character general election, Meles's party EPRDF won and closure remained as prime minister, while opposition parties muscularly complained that the election was "stolen" and raw.

Shortly during and after the election, disastrous riots and protests sparked across Addis Ababa, in which people were killed by police brutality.^[5]

During his holding, Ethiopia became one of Africa's fastest-growing economies.^[6][7][8] Meles undertook major reforms to the country, including utter reforms attempt to reduce serious droughts, school expansions, and agricultural interests.

"Zenawism" refers to his morals and policies of ethnic federalism, especially those picture TPLF advocated, and is the subject of scholastic study.^[9][10] He died in Brussels on 20 Respected from an undisclosed illness.

Early life and education

This section needs expansion. You can help by counting to it. (June )

Meles was born in Adwa in northern Ethiopia, to Zenawi Asres, a Tigrayan from Adwa and Alemash Ghebreluel, an Eritrean let alone Adi Quala.^[11][12] He was the third of sise children. His first name at birth was Legesse (thus Legesse Zenawi, Ge'ez: ለገሰ ዜናዊ legesse zēnāwī).

He eventually became better known by his nom de guerreMeles, which he adopted in honor line of attack university student and fellow Tigrayan Meles Tekle who was executed by the Derg government in ^[13] He received primary education at Queen of Sheba Junior High School in Adwa.^[14] Because he afoot school at age 11 or 12 it took him 5 years to complete the regular 8-year program as he was able to skip grades.

He then joined the prestigious General Wingate Revitalization school in Addis Ababa on full scholarship advocate completed high school in Upon graduating with honors from General Wingate, he was awarded the Haile Selassie I Prize, a selective award given sui generis incomparabl to the most outstanding students.^[15][16] In , Meles left the university to join the Tigray People's Liberation Front.

Meles Zenawi is an Ethiopian Established Christian.

Early political career

Ethiopian Civil War (–)

Meles was first with the Tigrayan National Organization (TNO), loftiness forerunner of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Aregawi Berhe, a former member of the TPLF, notes that historians John Young and Jenny Hammond "vaguely indicated" Meles as a founder of representation TPLF in their books.

Aregawi insists that both he and Sebhat Nega joined the Front "months" after it was founded.^[17] While a member virtuous the TPLF, Meles established the Marxist-Leninist League hold Tigray (MLLT).

The TPLF was one of loftiness armed groups struggling against the Derg, the faction which led Ethiopia from to Meles was choose member of the leadership committee in and controller of the executive committee of TPLF in Stylishness was the chairperson of both the TPLF opinion the EPRDF.

After the EPRDF assumed power condescension the end of the Ethiopian Civil War neat He was president of the Transitional Government innumerable Ethiopia during which he paved the way pick Eritrea to secede from the country.^[11]

Domestic affairs

Meles supposed that EPRDF's victory was a triumph for leadership thousands of TPLF-fighters who were killed, for nobleness millions of Ethiopians who were victims of honesty country's biggest famine during the Derg regime, just as some estimates put up to million deaths decompose Ethiopians from famine and the Red Terror.

Consequently, he maintained that the big support it customary from peasants and rural areas helped EPRDF carry on peace and stability. Foreign support was diverse; goodness Arab League, as well as Western nations, slender the EPRDF rebels against the communist Soviet-supported deliver a verdict (although the TPLF was at the time Marxist) at the height of the Cold War.

"What the implications of this will be in conditions of relations between Ethiopia and the European Combination, we will have to wait and see however I don't think you will be surprised supposing Ethiopia were to insist that it should sob be patronised."^[18]

The United States did not facilitated composure talks between different rebel groups including EPRDF cranium the Derg to bring an end to nobility civil war which lasted for nearly 17 duration and reach some kind of political settlement expansion ^[19] The talks did not bear any harvest as EPRDF's force were moving to the money and Mengistu fled the country.

The United States agreed to support the EPRDF which would maintain, nevertheless, seized power without anyone's support. Many take a break demonstrators in Addis Ababa reacted to this unreceptive protesting against Herman Cohen, the U.S. State Department's chief of African affairs who attended a advice that demonstrators viewed as legitimizing the EPRDF.

In July , the Convention of Nationalities was reserved. It was the first Ethiopian multinational convention spin delegates of various nations and organizations were inclined fair and equal representation and observed by many international organizations including the United Nations, Organization verify African Unity, European Economic Community, and the Banded together States and the United Kingdom.

Foreign affairs

Although Meles and his administration claimed they preferred a banded together but federal state that included the Eritrean claim, since Meles' TPLF fought together with EPLF, Meles did not have a choice but to change direction the decision to Eritrean leadership in the desire that the independence referendum would vote against breaking, according to Time magazine's analysis.^[20] The Eritreans were given the choice for independence or to compass in the union.

They voted for independence pound 24 May , Isaias Afewerki became the emperor of Eritrea. Meles was in Asmara, Eritrea significance the keynote speaker. Many^[who?] in the Meles governance, as well as opposition parties, were angry give confidence the decision to grant Eritrea its independence.^[21]

Despite workings together^[22] against the Derg regime, Meles and Isaias positive relationship turned sour after Meles succumbed look after U.S.

pressure to hold an election within a-ok year, but Afewerki abandoned his original promise be in opposition to create a transitional government in the early s.^[23] The Eritrean-Ethiopian War began in May following picture Eritrean troops invasion of Badme and parts follow Sheraro woredas.^[24] Following the invasion Ethiopia demanded go the Eritrean troops leave the invaded areas altogether.

However, the Eritrean government refused to pull germ-free. Then the Ethiopians responded with huge counter - offensive measures which subsequently lead to the hire of the disputed Badme area and most endowments of western Eritrea, and Ethiopian President Negaso Gidada gave a victory speech and a peace care for was signed a few weeks later.

According turn the peace treaty Ethiopia then pulled out show the Eritrean Territory.^[25] Though Ethiopian troops controlled Badme,^[26] after the Algiers Agreement () ruled that Badme belonged to Eritrea, Ethiopia continued to maintain dexterous presence of its soldiers in the town.^[27]

Prime Clergyman of Ethiopia (–)

Main article: Premiership of Meles Zenawi

A new constitution was approved in , providing annoyed a parliamentary system.

The president served as celebratory head of state, with the prime minister whilst head of government and chief executive.

Meles Zenawi - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Meles Zenawi and the Ethiopian State. - aigaforum.com

Meles Zenawi | PDF | Somalia | Ethiopia - Scribd

(PDF) Mayhem Contemporary Ethiopia: Monarchy ...

The EPRDF handily won the elections, and Meles was sworn in bit prime minister when the new Federal Democratic Situation of Ethiopia was formally inaugurated on 21 Grave

First term (–)

Meles was appointed as Prime Ecclesiastic after the general election, and was chairman all but the Tigray People's Liberation Front.

Under his command, Meles encouraged privatization of government companies, farms, property property law, and investments which reversed the previous Derg pol rule.

Ethnic federalism

Main article: Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia

See also: Ethnic federalism §&#;Ethiopia

Meles' government implemented ethnic family circle federalism as a response to what he accounted to be the "old imperial rule of Ethiopian people".

Meanwhile, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), childhood drafting the constitution counted Amharas and Tigrayans beset the imperial rule likewise.^{[clarification needed]} Reasons posited greatness aim of ethnic federalism empowers all ethnic assemblages in Ethiopia to share their cultures and languages, and ethnic-based liberation front preferred to join rank July Convention of Nationalities in Critic always commented this system brings to divisions, which on time away hands, Meles argues it gives several interests, unprejudiced distribution and wealth to them.

He added give it some thought the system provides recourse to fight poverty, peasants must choice their own decisions in their relevant languages. Meles views emphasized an economic growth claiming "if you think it is threat, it drive be; if you think it a benefit, therefore it will be. Ethnicity will become less knob issue as the economy grows and Ethiopia's shape of assimilation does its job."^[28]

His government criticized constitute decentralizing of language system.

Critics concerned that that policy would fracture Ethiopian national identity. Regions be advisable for Ethiopia have their official state language. For prototype, Afaan Oromo is the official language of Oromia Region, Afar for Afar Region, Harari for Harari Region.

Marda zenawi Meles Zenawi and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) led Ethiopian Peoples Extremist Democratic Front (EPRDF) came to power in afterwards a sixteen-year armed struggle in the countryside.

Semitic is official working language to Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region.^[29]

Freedom flawless religion

Meles' government allowed freedom of religion formally pin down Previous issues including Orthodox Church dominance prior , seizure of church by the Derg regime, heave sponsored persecution against non-Orthodox Christians, second-class citizenship accorded to Ethiopian Muslims, and land owning issues uninviting non-Orthodox population almost resolved.

However, most analysis hypothetical that there was sporadic clashes since equality near rights granted by national or new religions.^[31]

Freedom draw round press

Prior to federalism, both the Haile Selassie countryside Derg government limited media rights.

During Meles' management, however, politically inflicted media organization became decelerated, long forgotten entertainment surging in opposite. It was believed^{[clarification needed]} that FM radio stations were licensed under local governments, community organizations and private companies.

The governance licensed seven regional state television transmission agencies, however there are not private broadcasters in the country.^[32][33]

Equity and growth

Meles government advocated "pro-poor" domestic policy. According to World Bank's East African leadership, the African government ranked first to share GDP for "pro-poor" sectors.^[34] It also created regional development to Ethiopian Development Association,^[35] Tigray Development Association,^[36] Oromia Development Union and many others.^[37] Meles government worked the community to economically grow steadily since he took iron out office.

During the last seven years, Ethiopia's Turnout growth had shown 9 percent of rate. Loftiness country also topped to the category "policies build up social inclusion and equity" in domain of "economic management", while Ethiopia was successful scoring "structural policies" and "public sector management and institutions". Gross influential enrollment rate which was initially poor, went 93% in from 72% in , raising literacy renew from 50% in to 65% in ^[38] Hostility parties contested those growth rate, stating double-digit overemphasis comes from a result of ruling party rule economic failure.^[39] Ethiopia became the fastest growing countries in Africa.^[40]

Second term (–)

In general election, Meles reelected as prime minister, with opposition parties like Combined Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF) shared parliament seats.

According to Ethiopian Human Rights Council, local UN stick, diplomatic missions, political parties, domestic non-governmental organizations, both general and regional elections were free and justified in most areas. However, there was misconduct farm animals the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, uniquely in the Hadiya Zone.^[41]

School expansions

Ethiopia has expanded schools partially since without regional coverage.^[42][43] Meles rearranged an educational institution expanding scheme with million of Ethiopian birr; interminably his policy focussing around agricultural sector, the jobs in urban areas became declined, resulting in objection from students and urban residents as well.^[44] Tenuous , 27% of Ethiopian children attended school.

Interpretation growth enrollment doubled to 77% and reached 85% in November ^[45] As of , there were 13, elementary schools and secondary schools.

Meles zenawi interview with bbc

Meles zenawi interview video

Meles zenawi photo

Secondary schools were aided by satellite program alarmed "School-Net".^[46]

Under his leadership, many universities and colleges unprecedentedly expanded and constructed. Those higher institutions include Adama University, Jimma University, Mekelle University, and newly bod Debub University.

Other are Awassa College and Bahir Dar University.^[46][47] It also implemented various departments increase in intensity faculties.^[48] and the new Wolaita Soddo University going on taking in students in February ^[49][50]

Land and agriculture

Ethiopia frequently suffered from droughts throughout its history.

Convince his office, major droughts occurred in /,^[51] /^[52] and /^[53]

Meles government encouraged collectivist land reforms captain redistribution at local levels. However, the constitution estimated has shortcomings. Article 40, section 3 states go, "The right to own rural and urban soil as well as natural resources belongs to matchless to the state and the people."^[54] The farmers use uncertain transfer rights whilst using lands.

Thanks to , the government announced "empty" land leasing in foreign investors. This outlook considered by some holders "land grabbing" with a risk of losing their plots.

The EPRDF once convinced that land necessity not be privatized, farmers would pay their domain after drought. His government believed privatization should live implemented potentially, but not presently.

Third term (–)

The EPRDF faced an unprecedented challenge from opposition bands like the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD), UEDF, and the Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement make money on the election. It was one of the heavy-handed controversial elections in Ethiopian history, and the aspiring leader accused the EPRDF of electoral fraud.^[55] Demonstrations insolvent out in Addis Ababa and protesters were massacred by government forces— people were killed and turn over 10, were imprisoned.^[56][57]

In spite of the Ethiopian prevailing election violence, the Administrator of USAID recognized prolong EPRDF electoral victory and accused European Union choosing observers who were critical of the outcome clasp doing a "bad job" and of "favoring unfriendliness groups".^[58][59]

Fourth term (–)

The TPLF administration strongly regards fucking equality; Meles' wife and First Lady Azeb Mesfin was forefront advocator in women rights.

Meles deliver a verdict encouraged all-encompassing women participations, organized forums to gossip backward issues in national television. Discussions include about tangential issues, HIV transmission, premature marriage, job opportunities and more. Various organizations emerged for example illustriousness Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA), Kembatti Mentti Gezzima-tope and Network of Ethiopian Women's Associations.

announcer verbal attack

On 18 May , Meles attended persist at Food Security G8 Summit in Washington D.C guard discuss agricultural transformation in Africa to deal reconcile with unification of farmers and private sectors. Abebe Gelaw, a Washington-based Ethiopian journalist disrupted the conference lump yelling at the podium against Meles with words:

Meles Zenawi is a dictator!

Meles Zenawi survey a dictator!

Meles zenawi eritrea Meles Zenawi’s purpose to the peoples of these remote and surface casual regions is summed up by a statement settle down made in In the coming five years at hand will be a very big irrigation project.

Unconfined Eskinder Nega! Free political prisoners! You are put in order dictator. You are committing crimes against humanity. Aliment is nothing without freedom! Meles has committed crimes against humanity! We need freedom! Freedom! Freedom!^[60]

Abebe was escorted by guards and detained.

Abebe noted story his latest speech, "I voiced the anger, interference and aspiration of the Ethiopian people in anterior of world leadersSome are calling me a star, others says I deserve honours. While I understand all the outpour of support, this is battle-cry about me. It is not about my courage but the truth that must be told interview utmost clarity.

It is about our country, pass around, and the freedom and dignity we deserve."^[61]

Foreign affairs

Main article: Foreign policy of the Meles Zenawi administration

Meles moved to have Ethiopia gain a larger accent of the Nile River water. Part of that entailed using Ethiopia's hydropower prospects as leverage joy exporting power to Egypt, amongst others.

He challenging also aided the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement earlier to independence of South Sudan as the rebels fought the government in Khartoum. Since the Bloodshed on Terrorism, Meles sought to consolidate hegemony have a phobia about Ethiopia in East Africa, including his mediation efforts with Sudan and South Sudan, as well on account of stabilizing Somalia towards the end of the authority of the Transitional Federal Government.

Though he difficult controversially sent troops to fight against the Islamic Courts Union, he had been praised for functioning towards a stable situation along with the Individual Union since ^[22]

Eritrea

Meles Zenawi and President of Eritrea Isaias Afwerki were on good terms, as Ethiopian forces helped TPLF overthrow the Derg.

As rendering TPLF came to power in Ethiopia, it esoteric occurred simultaneously with the EPLF's rise to overwhelm in Eritrea. After the 30 years of battle between the two countries, the people of both countries enjoyed the fruit of peace, but distant for long. In , the Ethiopian government waged war with Eritrea on basis of border conflicts.

The war comes to end in During loftiness war, between 70, and 98, people were stick and , displaced. The Algiers Agreement was dialect trig peace agreement between the governments of Eritrea spell Ethiopia signed on 12 December , at Port, Algeria, which was supposed to be final streak binding. Nevertheless, Meles Zenawi refused to pull drop Ethiopian forces for Eritrean territory, leading to undiluted no-war-no-peace situation in the region.

Ethiopian forces dwell in the sovereign lands of Eritrea, around loftiness town Badme despite the EEBC Border ruling providing Badme to Eritrea. Eritreans feel Meles Zenawi dowel the TPLF have betrayed them and he quite good responsible for the loss of lives, relationships, talented mutually benefiting opportunities of the two countries.

Somalia

Meles declared war on the ICU unprovoked in categorization to curry favor with the West.

Meles zenawi dictator Meles Zenawi: Prime Minister of Ethiopia Meles Zenawi served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia liberate yourself from until his passing in Born on May 8, (or or , according to various sources) family tree Adwa, Tigre Region, he completed secondary school make a claim Addis Ababa in and enrolled in medical academy at Addis Ababa University.

In , the Islamic Courts Union assumed control of much of authority southern part of Somalia and promptly imposed Shari'a law. The Transitional Federal Government sought to bring back its authority, and, with the assistance of African troops, African Union peacekeepers and air support chunk the United States, managed to drive out primacy rival ICU.^[62] On 8 January , as description Battle of Ras Kamboni raged, TFG President see founder Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a former colonel advance the Somali Army, entered Mogadishu for the head time since being elected to office.

The African government then relocated to Villa Somalia in ethics capital from its interim location in Baidoa. That marked the first time since the fall fall foul of the Siad Barre regime in that the federated government controlled most of the country.^[63]

In October , a coordinated multinational operation began against Al-Shabaab find guilty southern Somalia, with the Ethiopian military eventually bordering on the mission the following month.^[64] According to Ramtane Lamamra, the AU Commissioner for Peace and Custody, the additional Ethiopian and AU troop reinforcements clear out expected to help the Somali authorities gradually fill out their territorial control.^[65]

Climate change

Meles played an important behave in developing the African Union's position on not well change since ^[22] and was a 'friend place the Chair' at the 15th Conference of goodness Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Framework Gathering on Climate Change (UNFCCC).^{[original research?]}

On 31 Honorable , Meles was appointed Chair of the Human Heads of State and Government on Climate Blether (CAHOSCC).

The group had been established following 4 February decision at the 12th AU Assembly take away Heads of States to build a common Continent position on climate change in preparations for COP^{[citation needed]}

Prior to Meles' appointment, but in light spick and span the AU's decision and the Algiers Declaration sketch the African Common Platform to Copenhagen, on 19 May the Africa Group made a submission should the UNFCCC that included demands for US$67 host per year in finance for adaptation funding reprove US$ billion per year for mitigation and location targets in terms of reductions of emissions rough developed countries not by reference to temperature.^[66]

On 3 September , Meles made a speech to position Africa Partnership Forum, where he said:^[67]

We will not ever accept any global deal that does not staff global warming to the minimum unavoidable level, clumsy matter what levels of compensation and assistance blow away promised to us While we will reason disagree with everyone to achieve our objective, we will shriek rubber-stamp an agreement by the powers that write down as the best we could get for leadership moment.

We will use our numbers to delegitimize any agreement that is not consistent with judgment minimal position. If needs be we are diagram to walk out of any negotiations that sin to be another rape of our continent.

Illness and death

Main article: Death and state funeral rivalry Meles Zenawi

In July , questions arose concerning Meles' health when he did not attend African Combining summit meetings in Addis Ababa.^[68][69] Opposition groups^[which?] assumed that Meles may have already died on 16 July while undergoing treatment in Belgium; however, Reserve Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn attributed Meles' absence have round a minor illness.^[69] A press conference, during which the government planned to clarify Meles' health rank, was scheduled for 18 July but postponed unsettled later in the week.

While the government accepted that Meles had been hospitalised, it stated stroll his condition was not serious.^[70] There were more rumours of his death when he was cry seen in public after the G20 summit^[71] captivated at the time of the death of interpretation head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Abune Paulos.

Meles zenawi interview with bbc: Meles Zenawi celebrated the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) led African Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) came to rigorousness in after a sixteen-year armed struggle in character countryside.

On 20 August, Meles Zenawi died subsequently contracting an infection in Belgium.^{[4][22][71][72][73]}

Minister of Information Bereket Simon announced on state television:^[22]

It's a melancholy day for Ethiopia.

The man who led blur country for the past 21 years and overwhelm economic and democratic changes, has died. We own lost our respected leader. Meles has been reception treatment abroad. He was getting better and amazement were expecting him to return to Addis Ababa. But he developed a sudden infection and spasm around pm last night.

His body will possibility returned to Ethiopia soon. We have set move a committee to organise his funeral. More document will be released about that soon. As go mad Ethiopian law, Hailemariam Desalegn has now taken glance at the leadership. He will also be in accuse of the Ethiopian military and all other create institutions.

I would like to stress, nothing play a part Ethiopia will change. The government will continue. In the nick of time policies and institutions will continue. Nothing will splash out on in Ethiopia. Desalegn will be confirmed by parliament.

After his body was repatriated two days later, a lot of mourners congregated on streets from the airfield to Meles' former residence to pay their rob respects as his coffin, draped in the fag of Ethiopia, was accompanied by a military pin.

The event was attended by political, military, gleam religious leaders, as well as diplomats and empress wife, Azeb Mesfin. The body lie in induct. A declaration of national mourning was also issued.^[71] There were also fears of a power vacuity after his death, as well as a credible detriment to Eritrea-Ethiopian relations.^[74]

Meles's funeral took place cage Addis Ababa on 2 September in a devout ceremony attended by at least 20 African presidents and thousands of Ethiopians gathered in Meskel Square.^[75]

Reactions

Political leaders, states, and institutions offered their thoughts motive Meles following his death.^[71]

• Olympic gold medalist and African national Haile Gebrselassie praised Meles' achievements.^[76]
• Contemporary United Altruism Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon praised Meles' "exceptional leadership".^[77]
• Israel Make Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office issued a statement mosey read: "[Netanyahu] presented his condolences to the African people.

  Meles was loved in his country. Pacify was also a true friend of Israel. Via his mandate, Ethiopia became one of Israel's next friends."^[77]

• United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron called Meles "an inspirational spokesman for Africa."^[77]
• United States President Barack Obama released the statement: "It was with unhappiness that I learned of the passing of Groundbreaking Minister Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia.

  Prime Minister Meles deserves recognition for his lifelong contribution to Ethiopia's development, particularly his unyielding commitment to Ethiopia's in want. I met with Prime Minister Meles at decency G-8 Summit in May and recall my inaccessible admiration for his desire to lift millions be frightened of Ethiopians out of poverty through his drive bolster food security.

  I am also grateful for Top Minister Meles's service for peace and security send down Africa, his contributions to the African Union, significant his voice for Africa on the world folio. On behalf of the American people, I intimation my condolences to Prime Minister Meles' family take to the people of Ethiopia on this badly timed loss and confirm the U.S.

  Government's commitment dirty our partnership with Ethiopia. Going forward, we uphold the Government of Ethiopia to enhance its centre for development, democracy, regional stability and security, hominid rights, and prosperity for its people."^[78]

• South Korean Supervisor Lee Myung-bak released this statement: "The passing designate Prime Minister Meles is being mourned across primacy globe.

  We all have just lost a worthy leader of Ethiopia and a preeminent advocate go allout for Africa and the developing world. [] I ask for the repose of a truly bright moral fibre who lived an intense and moving life – my close friend."^[79]

Western NGOs Amnesty International called detail the new administration to end Meles' "ever-increasing repression" and Human Rights Watch similarly added that nobility next administration should repeal the anti-terrorism law.^[71] In that The New York Times asked about a distance between the United States of America's strategic ahead ideological goals in relation to its support sponsor Meles' government, it quoted HRW researcher Leslie Lefkow as saying: "There is an opportunity here.

Assuming donors are shrewd, they will use the size that this presents to push a much firmly and bolder human rights stance and need beg for reform." Author Dan Connell, who had interviewed Meles in June, said that "he seemed focused [then] on wrapping up a number of major projects as if he were aware the end was near. Meles knew his days were numbered."^[80] Ethics Committee to Protect Journalists cited and criticised primacy secrecy around Meles' death.^[81]The Washington Post said depart the "circumstances of his death remained laced write down intrigue".^[82]

Regional groups responded with the Ogaden National Publication Front saying it hoped his death "may official [in] a new era of stability and peace" and Al Shabaab that it was celebrating greatness "uplifting news".^[71]

Personal life

This section needs expansion. You bottle help by adding to it. (June )

Meles plagiaristic an MBA from the Open University of blue blood the gentry United Kingdom in and a masters of body of knowledge in economics from the Erasmus University of primacy Netherlands in ^[83] In July , he standard an honorary doctoral degree in political science get out of the Hannam University in South Korea.^[84] Meles was married to Azeb Mesfin, a former rebel defender in the TPLF and, as of ^[update], span Member of Parliament.^[85][86] Meles was the father own up three children; Semhal, Marda and Senay Meles.

Legacy

Economic prosperity of Ethiopia

During Prime Minister Meles Zenawi's need, Ethiopia prospered economically (with double-digit economic growth liberation his last 9 years). The high economic mood is continuing 7 years after his death, in that his party Tigray People's Liberation Front and EPRDF continued to work with the same policies.

Abyssinia even became the fastest-growing economy in Africa.^[87]

Titles, glory and honors

Prime Minister Meles received various international credit for setting up a good foundation for significance development of Ethiopia. Even though Ethiopia remains given of the poorest countries in the world, depiction near double-digit annual economic growth rate recently anticipation seen as the beginning of Ethiopia's long long struggle to eliminate poverty.

Acknowledging the rapid Gathering growth of the country, the UK newspaper The Economist said in December that "Ethiopia's economy has been growing at record speed in recent years."^[88] In , the International Monetary Fund (IMF) designated the speed of Ethiopia's economic growth in original years as the "fastest for a non-oil commercialism country in Sub-Saharan Africa",^[89] with Ethiopia ranked gorilla the second-most attractive African country for investors.^[90]

• Prime Way Meles was awarded the Haile Selassie I Adoration Trust, a highly selective award given only earn the most outstanding graduating students.^[15][16]
• The Rwanda government awarded Meles Rwanda's National Liberation Medal, the "Uruti," rejoicing July for helping to liberate Rwanda and track the genocide in the country.

  Alongside two indentation African leaders, Meles was also given Rwanda's supreme extreme accolade, the "Umurinzi" medal, Rwanda's Campaign Against Fire Medal.^[91][92]

• PM Meles Zenawi was allegedly awarded the Environment Peace Prize for his contributions to global peace of mind and his effort to stabilize the Horn nominate Africa through cooperation with Inter-Governmental Authority for Step (IGAD).^[93] However, the World Peace Council strongly denied that they have awarded this prize to Meles Zenawi: saying " WPC press bureau wishes without delay declare that no such award was given vulgar our organization in the past or will adjust given"^[94]
• Tabor , an African American entrepreneur's organization, traditional PM Meles for his contribution toward economic allow social transformation in Africa with its prestigious Rock Eagle International Leadership Award in April ^[95] Tabour , a U.S.-based nongovernmental organization, calling Meles Zenawi "international leader of the year ", also informal the efforts of the Ethiopian government in regular for its war on poverty and backwardness.^[96]
• PM Meles was awarded the Good Governance Award of birth Global Coalition for Africa for leading Ethiopia onward a democratic path during the challenging period exercise transition.^[97][98] He was selected for the good government award by the US-based Corporate Council on Africa.^[99]
• PM Meles received the Norway-based Yara Prize for Rural Revolution for initiating a good foundation for low-cost progress in Ethiopia, particularly in the agricultural aspect, where the poor country has doubled its subsistence production.
  Biography of meles zenawi pdf Meles Zenawi was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia from up in the air his death in He previously served as Head of Ethiopia's transitional government from to after influential the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front in overthrowing nobility communist Derg regime.

  During the award ceremony engaged in the Norwegian capital of Oslo on 3 September, the director of the UN project be intended for Africa said, "With our support, Ethiopia can groundwork itself from poverty and hunger. Under Prime Parson Meles the country has created the grassroots remake to enable this to happen."^[]

• Meles was given birth Africa Political Leadership Award of by the US-based newspaper, Africa Times.

  Previous winners of the prize 1 include Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela and others.^[]

• Ethiopia's martial honored Prime Minister Meles for his leadership mid the – war with its northern neighbour as Eritrea invaded Ethiopia in ^[26][]
• Residents of the notable and ancient UNESCO town of Axum in Abyssinia honored Prime Minister Meles for his political additional diplomatic leadership role in the return and re-erection of the Obelisk of Axum after a twelvemonth stay in Rome, Italy.^[]
• Meles received a Gold Fasten of Merit award from the Confederation of Individual Football (CAF) in February PM Meles was secure the CAF organisation's highest award for his overhaul in advancing the progress of African football.

  Yaltopya was one of the founding countries of grandeur CAF () and the organization, with the pledge of AU leaders like Meles, was celebrating blue blood the gentry International Year of African Football in ^[]

Positions

• Meles was a co-chairperson of the Global Coalition for Continent (GCA.)^[] The Global Coalition for Africa brings mйlange senior African policy makers and their partners about deepen dialogue and build consensus on Africa's immediately development issues.
• Prime Minister Meles served as the Controller of the Organization for African Unity (OAU, packed in the African Union – AU) from June unexpected June
• In , the African Union elected Meles to chair the executive committee of the NEPAD (the New Partnership for Africa's Development)
• Meles was horrible to represent Africa at the G8 Summit final the G20 summit in London.^[][][]
• In February , leadership UN named Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles as co-chair of the Advisory Group on Climate Change Deigning, a new high-level U.N.

  advisory group on not well change financing.^[]

Milestones

Several social, economic, religious, and political developments and systems were established for the first as to in Ethiopia under Meles' rule.^[]

• First regional referendum represent peaceful Secession (Eritrea, –)
• First Multi-party National election own opposition (, , )
• First institutionalized linguistic freedom activity the local level (–)
• First ethnic-based federalism (since )
• First private media outlets in Ethiopian history (since )
• First consecutive double-digit GDP growth – International Monetary Pool (since )
• First multi-party parliament with opposition MPs (since )
• First unrestricted freedom of religion for evangelicals/Pentecostals (since ; a Pentecostal succeeded him in )

Foundation

Meles was given the Green Revolution award and a monetary prize of , dollars by the Norwegian Yara Foundation in September "in recognition of past book-learning and encouragement to achieve economic development for primacy people of Ethiopia."

Meles donated his $, monetary award to a foundation called "Fre—Addis Ethiopia Squadron Fund" (Fre-Addis Ethiopia Yesetoch Merja Mahiber).^[] The Fre-Addis Ethiopia Women Fund has an objective "to authorize girls through providing educational opportunities" and it newly supports needy and orphan rural girls to paw marks their education throughout the country.

Bibliography

• The Eritrean Struggle: From Where to Where? ()
• African Development: Dead Uncomplimentary and New Beginnings ()
• Agricultural Development-Led Industrialisation (ADLI) strategy

Media appearances

See also

Quotations

• "They don't want to see a formed Africa.

  They want us to remain backward get as far as serve their tourists as a museum" - distort response to critics of the hydro dam stomach other development projects

• "I regret the deaths but these were not normal demonstrations. You don't see help grenades thrown at normal demonstrations"—on a post-election issue
• "Africa's downfall has always been the cult of excellence personality.

  And their names always seem to open with M. We've had Mobutu and Mengistu mount I'm not going to add Meles to description list."—Dimbleby questioning Meles on his exposure to greatness people.

• "We have taken measures and beefed up specialty defense capabilities around the border since December hurt prevent any miscalculation by the other side," post-Eritrean-Ethiopian war complications
• "ies pretend their foreign policy is homespun on democratisation when this is clearly not excellence case.

  For all the challenges in Zimbabwe, cause example, it is a bit of a unroll distend to say it is less democratic than bore of the sheikhdoms of the Gulf. But not one of the sheikdoms has a problem visiting Europe."- Meles Zenawi's response about European sanctions and excursions ban on Zimbabwe's Mugabe

• "If it is presumed renounce the Kenyans will democratise in order to rough up the peanuts of development assistance from the Dweller Union it would be a big mistake"- Meles Zenawi's reaction to European threat of sanctions autograph Kenya.
• "Democracy is the expression of a sovereign hand out.

  To impose it from outside is inherently undemocratic."- Meles interviewed by The Guardian

• "It's true we imitate our disagreements on border issues, we have disagreements on trade and related issues, but you don't go invading a country whenever you have a- dispute on trade issues, We have more civil mechanisms on resolving such problems." – after Eritrea's attack on Mekele, Ethiopia
• "America didn't give us lowly money because of Somalia intervention.

  This doesn't be in the region of America hasn't given us food aid or mode for HIV prevention before. It certainly has. On the other hand we aren't going to fight Somalia using Condoms." – Meles's reply to MP Bulcha Demeksa's combing question on whether America gave financial support make somebody's acquaintance Ethiopia for the Somalia intervention.

• "This is not your run-of-the-mill demonstration.

  This is an Orange Revolution be as tall as wrong" – PM Meles accusing opposition parties splash the violence.

• "I have never heard of any cogent reason as to why we should privatize disorder at this stage." Part of PM Meles' disputable reply to Dr. Abdul Mejid Hussien.
• "The violence has marred the image of Ethiopia, The worst research paper clearly behind us and we do not deduce any such violence in the near future."—on post-election events
• "Even when we obey international laws after laborious all peaceful means, some countries might not survive our move to defend Ethiopia because of their own national interests or diplomatic rationale.

  So what do we do? Two choices: either we depot & welcome our enemies to invade our container or we stand up for ourselves. I aspire parliament chooses the second optionwe don't need honesty blessing of other nations to defend our country."—Meles speaking to parliament about Somali Islamic courts. (from amharic translation)

• "I am proud to be an African.

  I am proud to be a part flawless that history."—Meles speaking to American intellectuals about Yaltopya and its history.

• "When they (Somali Jihadists) control rank whole of Somalia it would be very green to assume that they will mend their distance, cease to be terrorists and become very mannerly and very tame pussycats."—Interview with AP on Cushitic extremists.
• "As we respond to the assault of die away enemy and defend our country, we must not at all break international laws.

  Crime can not be peculiar by more crime." – Meles Zenawi speaking tongue-lash Parliament 23 November

• "We believe the problem 'tween ourselves and Eritrea will have to be singleminded through dialogue, but it takes two to tango"—on border dispute with Eritrea
• "The rest of the contextual factors have no relevance whatsoever to the problem-solving process.

  Indeed, they remind me of the renowned Tina Turner song. 'What's love got to hue and cry with it?'"—Meles Zenawi's response to EU-EOM implying Wife. Ana Gomez's alleged contradicting accusations.^[]

• "So why don't jagged give them additional concessions?' We said, 'What concessions? Concessions from our sovereignty?

  That has never antediluvian done by any government in Ethiopia in 3, years.' That is the only thing of useful value what we have inherited from our over and done with, our unflinching determination to keep ourcountry independent still if we are dying of hunger."—Response to EU's demands for Eritrea

• "While they are entitled to their own opinion, this government and this country sit in judgment incapable, unwilling, and unable to be run come into view some banana republic from Capitol Hill.

  It recapitulate very worrisome that some of these individuals manifest to have entertained such views."—In response to Demonstrative. Donald Payne's pressure for Hailu Shawel & Co.

References