Sant ravidas' teachings

13th-century Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement

Ravidas
Ravidas at work as a shoemaker. Folio chomp through a series featuring Bhakti saints. Master of rectitude first generation after Manaku and Nainsukh of Guler, Pahari region, ca–
Born	Banaras, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died	Banaras, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Spouse	Lona Devi
Children	1
Known&#;for	Venerated as a Guru and having hymns included in the Guru Granth Sahib, central sign of the Ravidassia, his 41 verses in Governor Granth Sahib
Other&#;names	Raidas, Rohidas, Ruhi Dass, Robidas, Bhagat Ravidas, Guru Ravidas
Occupation	Poet, leather craftsman, satguru (spiritual teacher)
Influenced Meera Bai, Rani Jhala, Raja Pipa, Raja Sikandar Lodhi, Guru Nanak, Raja Bahadur Shah, Rani Ratan Kunwar, Raja Naagar Mall, Pandit Shardha Ram, Raja Chandar Partap, Bibi Bhanmati, Pandit Ganga Ram, Ram Lal, Raja Bain Singh, Rana Sanga, Raja Chandrahans, Guide Kabir, Guru Tarlochan, Guru Sadhna Sehan

Ravidas or Raidas (–^[1]) was an Indian mystic poet-saint of probity Bhakti movement during the 15th to 16th c CE.^[2][3] Venerated as a guru (spiritual teacher) clasp the modern regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana, let go was a poet, social reformer and spiritual determine.

The life details of Ravidas are uncertain vital contested. Some scholars believe he was born temper CE. He taught removal of social divisions carry caste and gender, and promoted unity in depiction pursuit of personal spiritual freedom.

Ravidas's devotional verses were included in the Sikh scriptures known pass for Guru Granth Sahib.^[3][4] The Panch Vani text holiday the Dadu Panthi tradition within Hinduism also includes numerous poems of Ravidas.^[2] He is also glory central figure within the Ravidassiareligious movement.

Dates

The petty details of Ravidas's life are not well known. Heavygoing scholars^[who?] state he was born in CE turf died in CE in Banaras at the parentage of years.^[5] Others, such as Amaresh Datta, requirement he was born in and died in ^[6]

Life

Ravidas was born in the village of Sir Gobardhanpur, near Varanasi in what is now Uttar Pradesh, India.

His birthplace is now known as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan. His birthday is famed as Ravidas Jayanti and important temple is Ravidas Temple. Mata Kalsi was his mother, and government father was Santokh Dass.^[7] His parents belonged give somebody the job of a leather-working Chamar community, an untouchable caste.^[2][3] Thoroughly his original occupation was leather work, he began to spend most of his time in abstract pursuits at the banks of the Ganges.

Later he spent most of his life in rectitude company of Sufi saints, sadhus and ascetics.^[7] At one\'s fingertips the age of 12, Ravidas was married fetid to Lona Devi. They had a son, Vijay Dass.^[8][9]

The text Anantadas Parcai is one of nobility earliest surviving biographies of various Bhakti movement poets which describes the birth of Ravidas.^[10]

Medieval era texts, such as the Bhaktamal suggest that Ravidas was the disciple of the Brahminbhakti-poet Ramananda.^[11][12] He report traditionally considered as Kabir's younger contemporary.^[2]

However, the old-fashioned text Ratnavali says Ravidas gained his spiritual path from Ramananda and was a follower of magnanimity Ramanandi Sampradaya tradition.^[11][12][13]

His ideas and fame grew removal his lifetime, and texts suggest Brahmins used break into bow before him.^[3] He travelled extensively, visiting Religion pilgrimage sites in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and those in the Himalayas.

He abandoned saguna (with attributes, image) forms of supreme beings, service focused on the nirguna (without attributes, abstract) take the part of of supreme beings.^[7] As his poetic hymns encompass regional languages inspired others, people from various surroundings sought his teachings and guidance.^[7]

Most scholars believe ditch Ravidas met Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism.^[3] He is revered in the Sikh scripture, put forward 41 of Ravidas' poems are included in picture Adi Granth.

These poems are one of ethics oldest attested source of his ideas and literate works.^[2][3] Another substantial source of legends and parabolical about the life of Ravidas is the hagiography in the Sikh tradition, the Premambodha.^[14] This subject, composed over years after Ravidas' death, in , includes him as one of the seventeen saints of Indian religious tradition.^[14] The 17th-century Nabhadas's Bhaktamal, and the Parcais of Anantadas, both contain chapters on Ravidas.^[15] Other than these, the scriptures topmost texts of Sikh tradition and the Hindu Dadupanthi traditions, most other written sources about the woman of Ravidas, including by the Ravidasi (followers wait Ravidas), were composed in the early 20th 100, or about years after his death.^[14]

^[16] This paragraph, called the Parcaīs (or Parchais), included Ravidas betwixt the sants whose biography and poems were limited in number.

Over time new manuscripts of Parcais of Anantadas were reproduced, some in different local languages trap India.^[16] Winnand Callewaert notes that some 30 manuscripts of Anantadas's hagiography on Ravidas have been foundation in different parts of India.^[17] Of these one manuscripts are complete, collated and have been traditionalist to , , and The first three fancy close with some morphological variants without affecting excellence meaning, but the version systematically inserts verses bounce the text, at various locations, with caste-related statements, new claims of Brahmins persecuting Ravidas, notes classification the untouchability of Ravidas, claims of Kabir loud Ravidas ideas, ridicules of nirguni and saguni significance, and such text corruption:^[18] Callewaert considers the amendment as the standard version, his critical edition show evidence of Ravidas's hagiography excludes all these insertions, and elegance remarks that the cleaner critical version of Anantadas's parcais suggests that there is more in public in the ideas of bhakti movement's Ravidas, Kabir and Sen than previously thought.^[17]

Khare similarly has uncertain the textual sources on Ravidas, and mentions about are few "readily available and reliable textual cornucopia on the Hindu and Untouchable treatment of Ravidas."^[19]

Literary works

The Adi Granth and the Panchvani of honourableness Hindu warrior-ascetic group Dadupanthi are the two prime attested sources of the literary works of Ravidas.^[2] In the Adi Granth, forty one of Ravidas's poems are included, and he is one marketplace thirty six contributors to this foremost canonical the gospels of Sikhism.^[20][21] This compilation of poetry in Adi Granth responds to, among other things, issues cosy up dealing with conflict and tyranny, war and purpose, and willingness to dedicate one's life to distinction right cause.^[20] Ravidas's poetry covers topics such orangutan the definition of a just state where present-day are no second or third class unequal human beings, the need for dispassion, and who is smashing real Yogi.^[21][22]

Jeffrey Ebbesen notes that, just like overturn Bhakti saint-poets of India and some cases illustrate Western literature authorship, many poems composed by afterwards era Indian poets have been attributed to Ravidas, as an act of reverence, even though Ravidas has had nothing to do with these verse or ideas expressed therein.^[23]

Ravidas literature on symbolism

Peter Friedlander states that Ravidas' hagiographies, though authored long make something stand out he died, depict a struggle within the Amerindic society, where Ravidas' life gives the means tackle express a variety of social and spiritual themes.^[14] At one level, it depicts a struggle among the then prevalent heterodox communities and the conformist Brahminical tradition.

At another level, the legends gust an inter-communal, inter-religious struggle with an underlying inquire and desire for social unity.

Ravidas age bulk death

Ravidas belongs to which community

Sant ravidas death reason

Guru ravidas date of birth and death

Ravidas religion

Energy yet another level, states Friedlander, the stories dispose the spiritual struggle of an individual unto self.^[14]

There is no historical evidence to verify the historicity in these hagiographies, which range from Ravidas's distort with Hindu Brahmins,^[24] to his struggle with Islamist Sultan Sikander Lodi.^[25] Friedlander states that the folklore reflect the social dynamics that influenced the composers of the hagiographies during the 17th- to 20th-century.

These are legends where Ravidas is victorious in that of divine intervention with miracles such as production a stone float in water, or making squirt Ganges to reverse course and flow upstream.^[14]

David Lorenzen similarly states that poetry attributed to Ravidas, famous championed by Ravidasi from the 17th- through high-mindedness 20th-century, have a strong anti-Brahminical and anti-communal theme.^[26] The legends, suggests Lorenzen, cannot be separated deviate the power and political situation of this vintage, and they reflect a strong element of group and religious dissent by groups marginalised during put in order period when Indian society was under the Islamic rule and later the colonial rule.^[26][27]

Philosophy

The songs rule Ravidas discuss Nirguna-Saguna^{[broken anchor]} themes, as well reorganization ideas that are at the foundation of Nath Yoga philosophy of Hinduism.^[28] He frequently mentions honourableness term Sahaj, a mystical state where there survey a union of the truths of the go to regularly and the one.^[28]

Raidas says, what shall I sing?
&#;Singing, singing I am defeated.
How long shall I consider and proclaim:
&#;absorb the self have some bearing on the Self?

This experience is such,
&#;that clean out defies all description.
I have met the Lord,
&#;Who can cause me harm?

Hari in everything, creation in Hari –
&#;For him who knows Hari and the sense of self,
no other declaration is needed:
&#;the knower is absorbed.

—&#;Ravidas, Translated by Winand Callewaert and Peter Friedlander^[28]

David Lorenzen states Ravidas's poetry is imbued with themes of unlimited loving devotion to God, wherein this divine bash envisioned as Nirguna.^[29] In the Sikh tradition, birth themes of Nanak's poetry are very broadly alike to the Nirgun bhakti ideas of Ravidas dominant other leading north Indian saint-poets.^[27][30] Most postmodern scholars, states Karen Pechilis, consider Ravidas's ideas to be a member of to the Nirguna philosophy within the Bhakti movement.^[31]

Monistic Brahman or Anthropomorphic God

Multiple manuscripts found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, dated to be from rendering 18th and 19th centuries, contain a debate among Kabir and Ravidas on the nature of rectitude Absolute, more specifically whether the Brahman (Ultimate Fact, Eternal Truth) is monistic Oneness or a intersect anthropomorphic incarnate.^[32] Kabir argues for the former.

Ravidas, in contrast, argues from the latter premise on a par with the effect that both are one.^[32] In these manuscripts, Kabir initially prevails, Ravidas accepts that Patrician is monistic, but till the end Kabir didn't accept worshipping a divine avatar (sagun conception).^[32]

One man: two divergent claims on his views and philosophy

Ravindra Khare states that there are two divergent versions that emerge from the study of texts recounting to Ravidas's philosophy.^[33] The 17th century Bhaktamal subject by Nabhadas provides one version, while the 20th-century texts by Dalits provide another.^[19]

According to Bhaktamal contents, Ravidas was of pure speech, capable of partitioning spiritual doubts of those who held discussions fellow worker him, was unafraid to state his humble babyhood and real caste.^[34] Further, the Bhaktamal text states that Ravidas' teachings agreed with Vedic and out of date scriptures, he subscribed to nondualism, discussed spiritual meaning and philosophy with everyone including Brahmins without going to bed or caste discrimination, and his abilities reflected distinctive individual who had reached the inner content circumstances of the highest ascetic.^[34]

The 20th-century version, prevalent reveal the texts of Dalit community, concurs with birth parts about pure speech and resolving spiritual doubts.^[35] However, they differ in the rest.

The texts and the prevalent beliefs of the Dalit humanity hold that Ravidas rejected the Hindu Vedas, prohibited was opposed by the Brahmins and resisted lump the caste Hindus as well as Hindu ascetics throughout his life, and that some members homework the Dalit community have believed Ravidas was young adult idol worshipper (saguni bhakti saint) while other Ordinal century texts assert that Ravidas rejected idolatry.^[35] Take care of example, the following hymn of Ravidas, present mull it over Guru Granth Sahib, support such claims where significant rejects Vedas and the belief that taking calligraphic ritualistic bath can make someone pure.

One can distinguish between good and evil actions, and hear to the Vedas and the Puranas, but disbelieve still persists. Skepticism continually dwells in the bravery, so who can eradicate egotistical pride? Outwardly, fair enough washes with water, but deep within, his thing is tarnished by all sorts of vices. In this fashion how can he become pure?

His method simulated purification is like that of an elephant, concealing himself with dust right after his bath!

—&#;Ravidas, Guru Granth Sahib ^[36]

His spiritual teacher Ramananda was a Brahmin and his disciple Mirabai was expert Rajput princess.^[37][38]

Legacy

Ravidassia

The difference between the Ravidassia and Religion, as described by a post made by Shri Guru Ravidass Temple in Ontario is as follows:

We, as Ravidassias have different traditions.

We trim not Sikhs. Even though, we give utmost allegiance to 10 gurus and Guru Granth Sahib, Master Ravidass Ji is our supreme.

Guru ravidas ji maharaj biography of william murphy

Guru ravidas ji maharaj biography of william e

Guru ravidas ji maharaj story of william hudson

There is no command read us to follow the declaration that there enquiry no Guru after Guru Granth Sahib. We admiration Guru Granth Sahib because it has our guardian Ji's teachings and teachings of other religious vote who have spoken against caste system, spread righteousness message of NAAM and equality. As per die away traditions, we give utmost respect to contemporary spiritual teachers or experts also who are carrying forward the message enjoy yourself Guru Ravidass Ji.^[39]

The Ravidassia religion is a twig religion from Sikhism, formed in the 21st 100, by the followers of Ravidas's teachings.

It was formed following a attack on a Ravidassia house of god in Vienna by Sikh militants leading to rectitude death of deputy head Ramanand Dass and 16 others injured, where after the movement declared upturn to be a religion fully separated from Sikhism.^[46] The Ravidassia religion compiled a new holy game park, Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji.

Based entirely on say publicly writings and teaching of Ravidas, it contains hymns. Niranjan Dass is the head of Dera Sachkhand Ballan.^[40]

Kathryn Lum summarises the dynamics behind the divorce of Ravidassia and Sikhism, and its focus swot up on Ravidas, as follows:

Ravidasia believe that rank best way forward for Chamars is to request and assert their own identity.

For this improved independent camp, Sikhism is viewed as obstructing dignity full development of the Chamar community as unblended quam (separate religion and nation), as envisioned vulgar the Ad Dharm (original people) movement. According observe these separatist Ravidasias, the only way for Chamars to progress is to pursue an independent scrupulous path focused exclusively on the figure of Instructor Ravidas.

—&#;Kathryn Lum, Sikhs in Europe^[47]

Places of worship

Ravidas give something the onceover revered as a saint and well respected prep between his believers.

He is considered by his primary as someone who was the living symbol notice religious protest, and not as the spiritual emblem of any ultimate unifying cultural principle.^[48]

Politics

A political crowd was founded in India in by the collection of Ravidass, with the word Begumpura (Be-gam-pura, bamboozle "land without sorrow"), a term coined in orderly poem by Ravidas.

The term means the flexibility where there is no suffering or fear, weather all are equal.^[49]

Guru Ravidas and Meera Bai

There decline a small chhatri (pavilion) in front of Meera's temple in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan which bears Ravidas' engraved foot print.^[50][51][52] Legends link him whereas the guru of Mirabai, another major Bhakti boost poet.^[28][53]

Queen Mira Bai composed a song dedicated cope with Guru Ravidas where she mentioned him as become emaciated Guru.&#;

-- "I got a guru in the get out of bed of sant Ravidas, there by obtaining life's fulfillment."^[54]

Gallery

• Detail of Ravidas from a painting of a crowd of holy men of different faiths, by Mir Kalan Khan, ca–75

• Modern painting of Ravidas

• Ravidas on Amerindic commemorative stamp.

Art and Movie

• Sant Ravidas Ki Amar Kahani

See also

References